2024 Challenge Xiamen Guidelines for Athlete Medical Examination
China Triathlon Sports Association Physical Examination Guidelines for Athletes
1. The necessity of physical examination
(1) Triathlon has the characteristics of long schedule, high intensity and unstable competition environment. The stimulation to the human body is intense and profound, and all kinds of acute injuries will inevitably occur, mainly due to the stimulation or damage to the cardiovascular, respiratory, central nervous, gastrointestinal and motor (bone and muscle, etc.) system, and the serious can be life-threatening.
(2) Due to the unpredictability of acute injuries, it is very important and necessary for athletes to have a comprehensive physical examination, follow the disease system monitoring, actively prevent and cure injuries, establish health records and other modes. Good physical condition is the basis of triathlon, triathlon in the condition of injury, will increase the health and safety risks of athletes.
(3) In order to ensure the health and safety of athletes to the greatest extent and establish the idea of "advance prevention", this medical examination guideline is formulated. Athletes who fail to undergo physical health examination as required or whose examination results do not meet the following requirements shall not participate in the competition.
2. Comprehensive Requirements
(1) Pre-competition physical examination
Athletes must know their own health and physical condition in time, and before the competition (no more than six months before the competition), go to the hospital of "Class II A" or above for a physical examination.
(2) Self-monitoring
The results of the single physical examination before the competition are normal, which only indicates the physical health status reflected by the selected physical examination items. Due to the limitations of physical examination methods and items, the potential risks of the body can not be completely excluded; Due to the "variability of human physical condition", it can not prove that the athlete is fully capable of completing the race safely. Therefore, each athlete must:
1. Before the competition, take the initiative to ensure that they are in good condition, no cold, fever, viral or bacterial tonsillitis, pharyngitis, gastroenteritis, other acute and chronic injuries.
2. During the competition, athletes should always keep monitoring their physical conditions, such as chest tightness, chest pain, palpitation, nausea, breathing difficulties, abnormal fatigue and other conditions, should immediately stop the competition, and seek help from the nearest medical point or event staff.
3. Physical examination items
The following physical examination items are based on common acute injuries in triathlon:
(1)General Medical and Surgical Examination (for all athletes)
Focus on asking and screening athletes if they have the following conditions:
1. Cardiovascular system diseases, such as hypertension, valvular disease, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy;
2. Diseases of the central nervous system, such as epilepsy, severe neurasthenic syndrome;
3. Family history such as sudden death;
4. Previous history of exercise-induced stress or acute injuries;
5. Respiratory diseases, such as allergic bronchial asthma, acute or chronic respiratory infections;
6. Gastrointestinal disorders, such as gastrointestinal ulcers active phase.
(2) Blood pressure check (only for athletes over 13 years old)
1.Athletes under 50 years old: systolic blood pressure ≤130mmHg (17.3KPa), diastolic blood pressure ≤85mmHg (11.3KPa);
Athletes over 50 years of age (including 50 years of age) : systolic blood pressure ≤140mmHg (18.6KPa), diastolic blood pressure ≤90mmHg (12KPa).
(3) Electrocardiogram test (all athletes)
Ecg report must be diagnosed by a physician, and the evaluation criteria are as follows:
1. Normal ECG (no obvious abnormality confirmed by the hospital) :
(1) Sinus rhythm;
(2) adult heart rate of 40 to 100 beats/min (professional athletes heart rate can be lower than 40 beats/min).
2. Abnormal EKG that are not eligible to participate include, but are not limited to:
(1) Sinus tachycardia, adult heart rate > 100 beats/min; Ventricular tachycardia;
(2) Frequent sinus arrhythmia;
(3) sinus arrest; Atrial, borderline, and ventricular precontraction or escape;
(4) Sick sinus syndrome;
(5) sinus, atrioventricular conduction and left bundle branch block of degree Ⅱ and above;
(6) preexcitation syndrome;
(7) myocardial ischemia, decreased ST segment deficient blood type (including horizontal, pendent, bowed, sagging, near deficient blood type), T-wave changes (including low flat, biaxial, inverted), prolonged Q-T interval, U-wave inversion, arrhythmia, etc.;
(8) other ECG abnormalities, such as atrial fibrillation.
(4) "Complete blood biochemistry" (can be added as appropriate)
Judge liver and kidney function, blood glucose and lipids, serum ions, myocardial enzyme spectra, etc.
(5) "Color echocardiography" (can be added as appropriate)
Determine the ventricular, atrial, valve, myocardium and its movement (contractility and compliance), ejection fraction and cardiac output, etc., to avoid cardiac structural disorders.